Structural Decomposition and Heterogeneity of Commercial Lipoteichoic Acid Preparations

Structural decomposition and heterogeneity of commercial lipoteichoic Acid preparations.

Fractionation of commercial preparations of lipoteichoic acids (LTA) by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed very inhomogeneous compositions and decomposition of the LTA structure: LTA content of the preparations averaged 61% for Streptococcus pyogenes, 16% for Bacillus subtilis, and 75% for Staphylococcus aureus. The decomposition wa...

Commercial preparations of lipoteichoic acid contain endotoxin that contributes to activation of mouse macrophages in vitro.

Lipoteichoic acids (LTA), cell wall components of gram-positive bacteria, have been reported to induce various inflammatory mediators and to play a key role in gram-positive-microbe-mediated septic shock. In a large number of these studies, investigators used commercially available LTA purified from a variety of gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Str...

Activation of Mouse Macrophages In Vitro to Acid Contain Endotoxin That Contributes Commercial Preparations of Lipoteichoic

Lipoteichoic Acid in Streptomyces hygroscopicus: Structural Model and Immunomodulatory Activities

Gram positive bacteria produce cell envelope macroamphiphile glycopolymers, i.e. lipoteichoic acids or lipoglycans, whose functions and biosynthesis are not yet fully understood. We report for the first time a detailed structure of lipoteichoic acid isolated from a Streptomyces species, i.e. Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus NRRL 2387T. Chemical, MS and NMR analyses revealed a pol...

Anti-lipoteichoic acid antibodies enhance release of cytokines by monocytes sensitized with lipoteichoic acid.

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from gram-positive bacteria can stimulate monocytes to produce cytokines. To ascertain whether aggregation of LTA receptors can contribute to this effect, human monocytes were sensitized with LTA from Streptococcus pyogenes, washed, and treated with anti-LTA antibodies. The addition of anti-LTA antibodies or F(ab')2 fragments markedly enhanced the aggregation of LTA rece...